I think the issue I have is that Music is Math, and my brain has never worked that way
There is
no math involved here. Unless you consider counting up to 7 to be "math".
You are simply assigning a number to each note of the Major Scale.
In your own graphic, assign the number 1 to each R and count and number the notes in order up to 7. Start with 1 again at the next R.
That's it.
For the Major
Pentatonic, omit all the 4's and 7's = Box 2.
For a Natural minor scale, lower all the 3's, 6's and 7's in your graphic one fret and call them b3's, b6's and b7's, respectively.
For a minor
Pentatonic, omit all the 2's and b6's = Box 1.
Then when Griff refers to these notes by number you'll know where they are in this position.
If you work through this in all 5 positions, you'll end up with the charts
@Silicon Valley Tom provided.
(Tom also adds the "blue" notes that aren't from the Major or Natural minor scales.)