The end sound is the sum of a lot of parts. If we are talking about one part, we need to be talking about the same thing.
The simple question is:
Does the wood have an audible impact on an electric guitar?
That one is pretty easy to answer. You isolate the difference down to a minimum of variables and have people listen blind. If you have one person who can reliably tell, even if it is one guy out of a hundred, there must be a difference.
If you are also changing amp settings, or using different pickups or whatever, what are you really testing?
More difficult questions are:
How big is the difference?
What is better and best?
Is it worth it?
These are harder to test and may not have a single right answer.
Then there are factors like:
Can’t you just EQ it out? (See Billy Gibbons)
Will anyone in the audience notice?
Being a listener in blind tests can be very eye opening. Our ears are subject to a lot of illusions and error, but they are also incredible instruments. You will find there are things people are very confident that they can hear that they really can’t and others where you may be surprised what you can hear when the other senses get out of the way. Plus, doing the tests can be a lot of fun.